Cortex
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Jump to navigationJump to searchCortex is a family of specialized ARM [microarchitectures designed by ARM for various edge market such as embedded and mobile. The Cortex family succeed Arm's classic cores with more specialized cores with highly targeted requirements
Overview
Cortex is a family of ARM cores that address a broad set of markets. First announced in 2004, Cortex cores have replaced Arm's classic cores with more market-specific variations. Cortex can be broadly categorized into three types of workloads: Applications, Real-time, Microcontroller (A.R.M).
- Cortex-A - Application processors. Designed for fully capable computers, running typical operating systems (Android, Windows, Linux, iOS). Those processors are found in anything from smartphones to tablets and laptops.
- Cortex-X - Application processors. Slightly enhanced version of the Cortex-A designs in order to to further optimize the Cortex-A design (in terms of PPA) for certain markets or workloads/
- Cortex-R - Real-time processors. Designed for real-time operating systems with very deterministic behavior. Those cores are typically less powerful than the A series and are used for things such as controllers, factory equipment, medical devices, and other machines.
- Cortex-M - Microcontrollers. Designed for ultra-low power, typically small factor and low-performance systems. Those are found in cost-sensitive devices and electronics, automated systems, and many other embedded devices.
Cores
Cortex-A
Year | Low-power Performance | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | Cortex-A8 (Tiger) | |||
2006 | ||||
2007 | Cortex-A9 (Falcon) | |||
2008 | ||||
Ultra-low power | Mainstream-performance | High-efficiency | High-performance | |
2009 | Cortex-A5 (Sparrow) | |||
2010 | Cortex-A15 (Eagle) | |||
2011 | Cortex-A7 (Kingfisher) | |||
2012 | Cortex-A53 (Apollo) | Cortex-A57 (Atlas) | ||
2013 | Cortex-A12 (Owl) | |||
2014 | Cortex-A17 (Owll) | |||
2015 | Cortex-A35 (Mercury) | Cortex-A72 (Maia) | ||
2016 | Cortex-A32 (Minerva) | Cortex-A73 (Artemis) | ||
2017 | Cortex-A55 (Ananke) | Cortex-A75 (Prometheus) | ||
2018 | Cortex-A65 (Helios) Cortex-A65AE (Helios-SL) |
Cortex-A76 (Enyo) Cortex-A76AE (Enyo-SL) | ||
2019 | Cortex-A34 (Metis) | Cortex-A77 (Deimos) | ||
2020 | Cortex-A78 (Hercules) Cortex-A78AE (Hercules-AE) Cortex-A78C (Hera Prime) | |||
2021 | Cortex-A510 (Klein) | Cortex-A710 (Matterhorn) | ||
2022 | Cortex-A715 (Makalu) | |||
2023 | Cortex-A520 (Hayes) | Cortex-A720 (Hunter) | ||
2024 | Cortex-A520AE (Hayes-AE) |
Cortex-A720AE (Hunter-AE) Cortex-A725 (Chaberton) | ||
2025 | Cortex-A320 (IoT & AI ) | Cortex-A530 (Nevis) | Cortex-A730 (Gelas) |
Cortex-M
|
Cortex-R
|
Cortex-X
Neoverse
|
Specifications
Cortex-A
Year | Microarchitecture | Versions ISA | Decoder | Out-of-order execution buffer |
ALU/FPU/LSU | L1 Cache (KiB) I (Instruction) + D (Data) |
Performance (per clock) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Little Core target | |||||||
2014 | Cortex-A53 | ARMv8.0-A | 2-wide | unsupported | 2/1/1 | 8/64 + 8/64 | 82 |
2017 | Cortex-A55 | ARMv8.2-A | 2-wide | unsupported | 2/2/2 | 16/64 + 16/64 | 89 |
2021 | Cortex-A510 | ARMv9.0-A | 3-wide | unsupported | 3/2*/2 | 32/64 + 32/64 | - |
2023 | Cortex-A520 | ARMv9.2-A | 3-wide | unsupported | 2/2*/2 | 32/64 + 32/64 | - |
2025 | Cortex-A530 | ARMv9.2-A | 3-wide | unsupported | // | + | - |
Big/Middle Core target | |||||||
2014 | Cortex-A57 | ARMv8.0-A | 3-wide | 128 | 2/2/2 | 48 + 32 | 127 |
2015 | Cortex-A72 | ARMv8.0-A | 3-wide | 128 | 2/2/2 | 48 + 32 | 147 |
2016 | Cortex-A73 | ARMv8.0-A | 2-wide | 128 | 2/2/2 | 64 + 32 | 157 |
2017 | Cortex-A75 | ARMv8.2-A | 3-wide | 128 | 2/3/2 | 64 + 64 | 177 |
2018 | Cortex-A76 | ARMv8.2-A | 4-wide | 128 | 3/2/2 | 64 + 64 | 265 |
2019 | Cortex-A77 | ARMv8.2-A | 4-wide | 160 | 4/2/2 | 64 + 64 | 306 |
2020 | Cortex-A78 | ARMv8.2-A | 4-wide | 160 | 4/2/3 | 32/64 + 32/64 | 325 |
2021 | Cortex-A710 | ARMv9.0-A | 4-wide | - | // | 32/64 + 32/64 | - |
2022 | Cortex-A715 | ARMv9.0-A | 5-wide | 192 | // | 32/64 + 32/64 | - |
2023 | Cortex-A720 | ARMv9.2-A | 5-wide | - | // | 32/64 + 32/64 | - |
2024 | Cortex-A725 | ARMv9.2-A | 5-wide | - | // | 32/64 + 32/64 | - |
2025 | Cortex-A730 | ARMv9.2-A | 5-wide | - | // | + | - |
Comparison
- "LITTLE" core
Microarchitecture | Cortex-A53 | Cortex-A55 | Cortex-A510 | Cortex-A520 | Cortex-A530 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Codename | Apollo | Ananke | Klein | Hayes | Nevis |
Peak clock speed | 2.3 GHz | 2.1 GHz | 2.0 GHz | 2.0 GHz | - |
Architecture | ARMv8.0-A | ARMv8.2-A | ARMv9.0-A | ARMv9.2-A | ARMv9.2-A |
AArch | 32-bit and 64-bit | 64-bit | |||
L1 (I + D) (KiB) | 8/64 + 8/64 KiB | 16/64 + 16/64 KiB | 32/64 + 32/64 KiB | - | |
L2 Cache (KiB) | 0–256 KiB | 0–512 KiB | - | ||
L3 Cache (MiB) | - | 0–4 MiB | 0–16 MiB | 0–32 MiB | - |
Decode width | 2-way | 3-way | 3-way (2 ALU) | - | |
Dispatch | 8 Mops/cycle | - | - | - |
- "big" core
Microarchitecture | Cortex-A77 | Cortex-A78 | Cortex-A710 | Cortex-A715 | Cortex-A720 | Cortex-A725 | Cortex-A730 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Codename | Deimos | Hercules | Matterhorn | Makalu | Hunter | Chaberton | Gelas |
Peak clock speed | 2.6 GHz | ~3.0 GHz | - | - | |||
Architecture | ARMv8.2-A | ARMv9.0-A | ARMv9.2-A | ARMv9.2-A | |||
AArch | - | 32-bit and 64-bit | 64-bit | 64-bit | |||
Max In-flight | 2x 160 | 2x 160 | ? | 2x 192+ [1] | ? | - | - |
L0 (Mops entries) | - | 1536 | 0 | - | - | ||
L1 (I + D) (KiB) | 64 + 64 KiB | 32/64 + 32/64 KiB | 64 + 64 KiB | - | |||
L2 Cache (KiB) | 256–512 KiB | 128–512 KiB | 0.25–1 MiB [2] | - | |||
L3 Cache (MiB) | 0–4 MiB | 0–8 MiB | 0–16 MiB | 0–32 MiB [3] | - | ||
Decode width | 4-way | 5-way | - | ||||
Dispatch | 6 Mops/cycle | 5 Mops/cycle | ? | - | - |
Cortex-X
- "Prime" core
Microarchitecture | Cortex-X1 (C) | Cortex-X2 | Cortex-X3 | Cortex-X4 | Cortex-X925 | Cortex-X930 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Codename | Hera (-C) | Matterhorn-ELP | Makalu-ELP | Hunter-ELP | Blackhawk | Travis /Alto | |
Peak clock speed | 3.0 GHz | 3.0 GHz | 3.3 GHz | 3.4 GHz | - - | 3.8 GHz | 4.2 GHz |
Architecture | ARMv8.2-A | ARMv9.0-A | ARMv9.2-A | ARMv9.4-A | |||
AArch | 32/64-bit | 64-bit | 64-bit | 64-bit | |||
Max in-flight | 2x 224 [4] | 2x 288 | 2x 320 | 2x 384 | - - | 2x 768 [5] | - |
L0 (Mops entries) | 3072 [6] | 1536 | 0 [7] | - - | - | - | |
L1 (I + D) (KiB) | 64 + 64 KiB | 64 + 64 KiB | - - | 64 + 64 KiB | - | ||
L2 Cache (KiB) | 0.25–1 MiB | 0.5–2 MiB | - - | 2–3 MiB | - | ||
L3 Cache (MiB) | 0–8 MiB | 0–16 MiB | 0–32 MiB | - | |||
Decode width | 5-way | 6-way | 10-way | - | |||
Dispatch | 8 Mops/cycle | 10 Mops/cycle | - |
Part numbers
- ARM • 0x41
Part number | Microarchitecture |
---|---|
0x926 | ARM926EJ-S |
0xb02 | MPCore |
0xb36 | ARM1136J-S |
0xb56 | ARM1156T2-S |
0xb76 | ARM1176JZ-S |
0xc05 | Cortex-A5 |
0xc07 | Cortex-A7 |
0xc08 | Cortex-A8 |
0xc09 | Cortex-A9 |
0xc0f | Cortex-A15 |
0xc0e | Cortex-A17 |
0xc20 | Cortex-M0 |
0xc23 | Cortex-M3 |
0xc24 | Cortex-M4 |
0xc27 | Cortex-M7 |
0xd20 | Cortex-M23 |
0xd21 | Cortex-M33 |
0xd24 | Cortex-M52 |
0xd22 | Cortex-M55 |
0xd23 | Cortex-M85 |
0xc18 | Cortex-R8 |
0xd13 | Cortex-R52 |
0xd16 | Cortex-R52+ |
0xd15 | Cortex-R82 |
0xd14 | Cortex-R82AE |
0xd02 | Cortex-A34 |
0xd04 | Cortex-A35 |
0xd03 | Cortex-A53 |
0xd05 | Cortex-A55 |
0xd07 | Cortex-A57 |
0xd06 | Cortex-A65 |
0xd43 | Cortex-A65AE |
0xd08 | Cortex-A72 |
0xd09 | Cortex-A73 |
0xd0a | Cortex-A75 |
0xd0b | Cortex-A76 |
0xd0e | Cortex-A76AE |
0xd0d | Cortex-A77 |
0xd41 | Cortex-A78 |
0xd42 | Cortex-A78AE |
0xd4b | Cortex-A78C |
0xd46 | Cortex-A510 |
0xd80 | Cortex-A520 |
0xd88 | Cortex-A520AE |
0xd47 | Cortex-A710 |
0xd4d | Cortex-A715 |
0xd81 | Cortex-A720 |
0xd89 | Cortex-A720AE |
0xd87 | Cortex-A725 |
0xd44 | Cortex-X1 |
0xd4c | Cortex-X1C |
0xd48 | Cortex-X2 |
0xd4e | Cortex-X3 |
0xd82 | Cortex-X4 |
0xd85 | Cortex-X925 |
0xd4a | Neoverse E1 |
0xd0c | Neoverse N1 |
0xd49 | Neoverse N2 |
0xd8e | Neoverse N3 |
0xd40 | Neoverse V1 |
0xd4f | Neoverse V2 |
0xd84 | Neoverse V3 |
0xd83 | Neoverse-V3AE |
See also
References
- ↑ Arm introduces Cortex-A715. 2022-06-28.
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ignored (help) - ↑ Arm launches next gen big core Cortex-A725. 2024-05-29.
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ignored (help) - ↑ Arm introduces a new big core Cortex-A720. 2023-05-28.
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ignored (help) - ↑ Schor, David (2020-05-26). Arm Cortex-X1: The First From The Cortex-X Custom Program.
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ignored (help) - ↑ https://www.androidauthority.com/arm-cortex-x925-g925-explained-3445480/
- ↑ Arm's New Cortex-A78 and Cortex-X1 Microarchitectures: An Efficiency and Performance Divergence.
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ignored (help) - ↑ Arm Cortex-X4, A720, and A520: 2024 smartphone CPUs deep dive.
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ignored (help)